There is an approved fix for the 2015 models, and for the 2012 - 2014 Passat with automatic transmission only. Those cars already had SCR ("urea") and only needed software changes. They will consume more urea now. The 2015 models have a two-part recall; the second part involves additional sensors for diagnostic purposes. Also it appears that the catalyst assembly will not last the prescribed 150,000 mile life on the 2015 models; there's a scheduled mid-life replacement. The "fix" comes with a pretty good extended warranty. But after the once-replaced DOC/DPF/SCR assembly reaches the end of its (shortened) life ... if it's past the end of warranty, the car is probably done for. Too expensive to fix.
No one knows what's happening with the "generation 1" models (2009-2014 except Passat) nor with the Passat manual transmission models. Apparently a "fix" is still being tested. But there's ample evidence of bought-back gen 1 cars being crushed - plenty of photos. Evidently the Pic'N'Save junkyard in Hamilton, conveniently located 1 km or so from Triple M Metals (shredding and sorting facility) and Dofasco (err ArcelorMittal) is one place they're going ...
VW has stopped selling diesels in North America aside from finishing up by selling the now-fixed 2015 models. They'll probably never sell diesels in North America again; this scandal has thoroughly trashed the TDI brand name. They are hanging their hat on electric now. Good luck with that.
I had two TDI cars, both from before the emission control systems went crazy. I always thought the "clean diesel" 2009-on models were too complicated for their own good. I've gone back to plain non-turbo port-injected spark ignition engines ... proven tech.