Of course. There are several ways to deal with that problem though, from not owning one to having it turned off or shielded when not in use to... Also, smart phones are not mandatory.
The cheapest 7-11 prepaid phone bought with cash for you by a kid you never met that wears a hoodie easily defies all useful surveillance, identification and tracking. Cell tower triangulation does not work nearly as well as CSI would have us believe and a phone with no battery in it is impossible to locate.
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